State-Building and theOperation of the Market Essay

State-Building and theOperation of the Market - Essay Example From that point forward, worldwide state-building has become adequate on the grounds that the condition had called for it. Today universal state-building has appeared to change the comprehension on the tasks of the market; yet a more profound investigation on its contentions basically uncovers how private enterprise moves to get over with its current emergency. To put it plainly, worldwide state-building is a structure that further fortifies the relationship of the state and cash-flow to guarantee the pre-prominence of free-showcase economy in which the US stays unchallenged. Universal State-building State-constructing, an idea in state hypothesis previously utilized toward the finish of Cold-War, relates to consider mediations by national or global powers intended to capacitate and reinforce frail/delicate states and state establishments in this way making them practical (Jones and Chandran 2008, refered to in Menocal 2009, p. 2; Caplan 2004, p. 53; Lotz 2010, p. 219). Current world occasions †for example ... 16). In his book, International state-constructing: The ascent of post-liberal administration, Chandler (2010) noted, how the present reality has developed progressively adequate of global state-building not just as a receptive reaction to reproduce war-torn or struggle ridden states however more as a preventive component to spare states from conceivable financial and political breakdown (p. 1). What made this along these lines, Woodward (2011) followed back to the furthest limit of Cold-War and the breakdown of the USSR, which had come about to savage separation of communist states, starting with Yugoslavia in 1991. These disorderly crumbling of the USSR concurrent with the compassionate emergencies in Sudan and Somalia had turned around the view toward the condition of significant world forces and their global hardware for security (UN, NATO, EU) and fund (IMF-WB) †The solid and authoritarian states are no longer seen as the essential danger to universal harmony and success; t oday the considered issue states are the feeble/delicate ones, on the grounds that as they neglect to make sure about the requirements of their kin; they cause so much human affliction and mayhem, resultantly forestalling the smooth activities of the market, therefore undermining worldwide harmony and flourishing. Inside this reason, universal state-building †through which worldwide guides were redirected to struggle change by working up government limits and establishments †was then made satisfactory and until of late was seen important. (p. 316) This changed view of the state, Chandler (2009) clarified, had re-imagined power as done relating to a nation’s political freedom, yet to state limit. Along these lines power is seen no longer as a boycott yet

Free Essays on Renaissance Art

The ‘Age of Enlightenment’ is a term utilized to portray the patterns in thought and letters in Europe and the American provinces during the eighteenth century, preceding the French Revolution of 1789-1799. The expression was much of the time utilized by journalists of the period itself, persuaded that they were rising up out of hundreds of years of dimness and obliviousness into another age illuminated by reason, science, and a regard for humankind. Of the fundamental suspicions and convictions regular to scholars and savvy people of this period, maybe the most significant was a that of there confidence in the intensity of human explanation. Individuals came to expect that through a crude utilization of reason in progress, it would be conceivable to advance in information, in specialized accomplishment, and even in virtues. Despite the fact that they considered the to be as the chief power that had subjugated the human brain previously, most Edification masterminds didn't disavow religion by and large. Many picked a type of Deism, tolerating the presence of God and of a from now on, however dismissing the lessons of Christian philosophy. They additionally felt that human life ought to be spent on progress. In excess of a lot of - 1- Trevino #2 fixed thoughts, the Enlightenment suggested a mentality and a technique for thought. During the primary portion of the eighteenth century, the pioneers of the Enlightenment pursued a tough battle against extensive chances. A few were detained for their compositions, and most were hampered by government restriction and assaults by the congregation. The later many years of the century denoted a triumph of the development in Europe and America. The colossal increment in the distribution of papers and books guaranteed a wide dissemination of new thoughts. Along these lines at long last observing that the time of edification was... Free Essays on Renaissance Art Free Essays on Renaissance Art The ‘Age of Enlightenment’ is a term utilized to depict the patterns in thought and letters in Europe and the American provinces during the eighteenth century, preceding the French Revolution of 1789-1799. The expression was much of the time utilized by journalists of the period itself, persuaded that they were rising up out of hundreds of years of obscurity and obliviousness into another age edified by reason, science, and a regard for humankind. Of the fundamental suppositions and convictions regular to logicians and learned people of this period, maybe the most significant was a that of there confidence in the intensity of human explanation. Individuals came to expect that through a crude utilization of reason in progress, it would be conceivable to advance in information, in specialized accomplishment, and even in virtues. Despite the fact that they considered the to be as the chief power that had oppressed the human psyche before, most Illumination scholars didn't revoke religion inside and out. Many settled on a type of Deism, tolerating the presence of God and of a from now on, however dismissing the lessons of Christian religious philosophy. They likewise felt that human life ought to be spent on progress. In excess of a lot of - 1- Trevino #2 fixed thoughts, the Enlightenment suggested a mentality and a technique for thought. During the primary portion of the eighteenth century, the pioneers of the Enlightenment pursued a tough battle against impressive chances. A few were detained for their compositions, and most were hampered by government restriction and assaults by the congregation. The later many years of the century denoted a triumph of the development in Europe and America. The colossal increment in the distribution of papers and books guaranteed a wide dissemination of new thoughts. Consequently at long last observing that the time of edification was... Free Essays on Renaissance Art Renaissance Art The Renaissance, or resurrection in italy started in the late fourteenth century and kept going until the mid sixteenth century. Numerous acient thoughts were rediscovered in zones, for example, reasoning, writing, and science. Individuals became turned out to be increasinly mindful of old style information and hence made plans to learn by direct perception and investigation of the normal world. Subsequently, strict subjects turned out to be progressively imperative to craftsmen, and with the resuscitated enthusiasm for antiquated thoughts came another assortment of subjects which originated from Greek furthermore, Roman history and folklore. The models gave by acient structures and works of workmanship additionally roused the improvement of new strategies in craftsmanship and the craving to re-make the structures and styles of workmanship that had existed in the traditional age. There were numerous specialists in this time and the work they did was virtuoso. Leonardo who is viewed as the perfect Renaissance scholar, connected as he was in investigations of all sorts and having brought to his craft a feeling of eager request that tried to find the laws administering various regular wonders. Leonardo's works incorporated the Adoration of the Magi and The Last Supper. Michelangelo who has arrived at speak to the craftsman blessed with strange single virtuoso. His general gifts are appeared by the tomb of Julius II, The Medici Chapel, The Sistine Chapel and The Last Judgment. Accordingly endeavors were made to find the right laws of extent for engineering also, for the portrayal of the human body and to arrange the production of room in an image. In spite of the fact that these specialists were perceptive of regular marvels, they additionally would in general create general standards from explicit perceptions. They put forth an attempt to go past direct interpretation of nature into laws, and chose to give the expression of craftsmanship some perfect, elusive characteristics, setting up a stunner and signifigance incredible...

UGA Admissions Amazing Race - UGA Undergraduate Admissions

UGA Admissions Amazing Race - UGA Undergraduate Admissions UGA Admissions Amazing Race Yesterday, the majority of the Admissions staff participated in a 4 hour campus adventure we called The UGA Admissions Amazing Race, modeled after the TV show The Amazing Race. Four of us (me included) mapped out eight locations around the campus that were important to Admissions, either because of the offices located there (Visitors Center, Brumby Residence Hall, GA Center/Hotel, Tate Center and parking deck), or because of a unique item within the building (Peabody Awards in Journalism, Dinosaur Sloth bones in Boyd Hall, Green roof at the new Lamar Dodd Art building, Alumni House bulldog). There were seven teams, and they were given progressive clues to the various places on campus, and many times were asked to perform a task. Whether calling the dawgs at the VC or posing with the sloth bones, the teams raced across campus and learn more about UGA and each other. Along the way, we also wanted to teach our Admissions team about how we communicate, and if the information we give out seems like mysterious clues that sometimes leave prospective students confused or lost (like one Amazing Race team that took photos of 4 roofs before finding the environmentally green roof at Dodd). There were a number of puzzled faces, a few But you didnt tell me I couldnt do that phrases, and some tired admissions people by the end of the day, but overall it was a great success! So hopefully when you consider applying to UGA, our office will give you clear and accurate information, and I am guessing that we will be looking at how we communicate so as to give prospective students the best service possible. Go Dawgs!

Cross Cultural Leadership And Diversity - 975 Words

A511.8.4.CM - Leadership Concept Map Chapters 14 Cross-cultural Leadership and Diversity Globalization and changing demographic patterns are making it more important for leaders to understand how to influence and manage people with different values, beliefs, and expectations. There has been more leadership research on cross†cultural aspects and gender differences than on other types of diversity (Ospina Foldy, 2009). Importance of Cross-cultural Research Leaders must also be able to understand how people from different cultures view them and interpret their actions. Some aspects of a leadership theory may be relevant for all cultures, but other aspects may apply only to a particular type of culture. Types of Cross-cultural Studies As in the case of the leadership research conducted within a single culture, much of the cross†cultural research involves leader behavior, skills, and traits. The most common approach has been to explain cross†cultural differences in leadership in terms of differences in cultural values. Some cross†cultural studies examine how beliefs about effective leadership behavior, skills, and traits are similar or different from one country to another. Cultural Influences on Leadership Behavior Cultural values and traditions can influence the attitudes and behavior of managers in a number of different ways (Adler, 1997; Fu Yukl, 2000; House et al., 1997; Lord Maher, 1991). The values are likely to be internalized by managers who grow up in aShow MoreRelatedChallenges Of Cross Cultural Work Environment999 Words   |  4 Pages CHALLENGES IN CROSS CULTURAL WORK ENVIRONMENT ABINAY KANKATI Sullivan University MGT-510 Executive Summary: The proposal briefs about the challenges in a cross-cultural work environment and how we can over come these challenges. Cross-culture as the name sounds involves dealing with various cultures across the world. Working in a cross-cultural work environment is always difficult and the need to face challenges is quite common in such organizations. Communication is one of theRead MoreLeadership Skills to Manage Diversity in the Military937 Words   |  4 PagesEssay 5: How Do Leaders Manage Diversity In The Military? Introduction Given the proliferation of missions that often have multiple objectives aligned to counterterrorism, humanitarian aid, and national defense, the alacrity at which the armed forces are expected to integrate and quickly deliver results in a foreign nation is increasing. The cross-cultural competency (3C) model is designed as a foundation for streamlining the cultural assimilation process, providing leaders and subordinates withRead MoreDiscussing Cultural Assessment Tools For Organizational Culture And Diversity1027 Words   |  5 Pagesacross Cultures July 13, 2016 Corporate Culture Diversity in the Global Workplace All global organizations must merge diverse workgroups into cohesive, high performance global teams in order to adapt to environmental changes. This document will discuss cultural assessment tools used in assessing organizational culture and gaps within formal groups, leadership styles and techniques that influence social culture and diversity within formal workgroups, description of social culture thatRead MoreHow Spiritual Leadership Behaviors Support Cultural Intelligence1449 Words   |  6 PagesHow Spiritual Leadership Behaviors Support Cultural Intelligence Spiritual leadership theory has increased in research over the past few decades. Spiritual leadership may be defined as drawing on intrinsically motivating values and behaviors to give one a sense of calling and membership (Nicolae, Ion, Nicolae, 2013). Spiritual leaders evoke a deeper sense of purpose for themselves and their followers. The workforce within companies is increasingly becoming culturally diverse. Within the UnitedRead MoreDiversity Training And Cultural Sensitivity Training Essay897 Words   |  4 Pagesemphasis on diversity training and cultural sensitivity training across the organization, especially among members of leadership. Inclusive leadership has been presented as the most applicable global leadership style as businesses make the transition from a local to global mindset. This synopsis is about an organization that has become increasingly global and diverse in nature. The multicultural leader has been tasked with developing and implementing a cultural mindset that allows diversity to thriveRead MoreLeadership And Culture : Ethical Leadership999 Words   |  4 Pages Leadership and Culture Ethical Leadership According to research studies on organizational leadership, â€Å"powerful leaders can have substantial impact on the lives of followers and the fate of an organization† (Yukl, 2006, p.340). Nevertheless, Heifetz (1994) points out, â€Å"there is no ethically neutral ground for theories of leadership, because they always involve values and implicit assumptions about proper forms of influence. The complexity of issues surrounding ethical and unethical leadership influencesRead MoreCorporate Culture And Diversity At The Global Workplace1145 Words   |  5 PagesCorporate Culture Diversity in the Global Workplace Corporate culture is an intricate component of an organizations identity. Fortune 500 corporations have used corporate culture as a trademark. Apple Computers, a leading technology corporation, leverages its brand by promoting connectivity between all Apple devices. Walmart Corporation requires all associates to dress in dark blue shirts and beige slacks. This document will discuss cultural assessment tools used in assessing organizational cultureRead MoreLeading A Multicultural Group. Cornelius Cash Essay1010 Words   |  5 Pagesbecome transcontinental. Therefore, there must be an emphasis on diversity training and cultural sensitivity training across the organization, especially among members of executive leadership. Inclusive leadership has been presented as the most applicable global leadership style as businesses make the transition from a local to global mindset. This synopsis will discuss integrating varied perspective, negotiating strategies and cultural mindsets, and com municating methods that facilitate organizationalRead MoreGlobal Leadership And Organizational Behavior Effectiveness1671 Words   |  7 PagesThe Project GLOBE (Global Leadership and Organizational Behavior Effectiveness). The GLOBE research followed in Hofstede s footsteps yet also searched for additional dimensions (Cater, Lang Szabo, 2013, p. 446) as depicted and defined on Table II. In light of the GLOBE findings, earlier conceptualisations of culture have been reconsidered with respect to the impact of culture on leadership (Dickson et al., 2012 as cited in Cater et al., 2013, p. 447). GLOBE researchers introduced twnety one first-orderrRead MoreLeadership And Culture Of The Field Of Organizational Leadership1058 Words   |  5 PagesLeadership and Culture Ethical Leadership According to research theories in the field of organizational leadership, â€Å"powerful leaders can have substantial impact on the lives of followers and the fate of an organization† (Yukl, 2006, p.340). Nevertheless, Heifetz (1994) points out, â€Å"there is no ethically neutral ground for theories of leadership, because they always involve values and implicit assumptions about proper forms of influence. The complexity of issues surrounding ethical and unethical

Western Carolina University Acceptance Rate, SAT/ACT Scores, GPA

Western Carolina University is a public university with an acceptance rate of 40%. WCUs 600-acre campus is located in Cullowhee,  North Carolina, about an hour west of Asheville near the Blue Ridge and Great Smoky Mountains. Undergraduates can choose from about 120 programs, and Western Carolina has several well-regarded professional programs, including business, education, and criminal justice. WCU has a 17-to-1  student/faculty ratio  and an average class size of 19. One of the universitys most notable student groups is the Pride of the Mountains Marching Band which has nearly 500 members. On the athletic front, the Western Carolina Catamounts compete in the NCAA Division I  Southern Conference. Considering applying to Western Carolina University? Here are the admissions statistics you should know, including average SAT/ACT scores and GPAs of admitted students. Acceptance Rate During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, Western Carolina University had an acceptance rate of 40%. This means that for every 100 students who applied, 40 students were admitted, making WCUs admissions process competitive. Admissions Statistics (2017-18) Number of Applicants 19,344 Percent Admitted 40% Percent Admitted Who Enrolled (Yield) 29% SAT Scores and Requirements Western Carolina requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 50% of admitted students submitted SAT scores. SAT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile ERW 520 610 Math 510 600 ERW=Evidence-Based Reading and Writing This admissions data tells us that most of Western Carolinas admitted students fall within the top 35% nationally on the SAT. For the evidence-based reading and writing section, 50% of students admitted to WCU scored between 520 and 610, while 25% scored below 520 and 25% scored above 610. On the math section, 50% of admitted students scored between 510 and 600, while 25% scored below 510 and 25% scored above 600. Applicants with a composite SAT score of 1210 or higher will have particularly competitive chances at Western Carolina University. Requirements Western Carolina University requires the SAT writing section, but does not require SAT Subject tests. Note that WCU participates in the scorechoice program, which means that the admissions office will consider your highest score from each individual section across all SAT test dates. ACT Scores and Requirements Western Carolina requires that all applicants submit either SAT or ACT scores. During the 2017-18 admissions cycle, 60% of admitted students submitted ACT scores. ACT Range (Admitted Students) Section 25th Percentile 75th Percentile English 20 25 Math 19 25 Composite 20 25 This admissions data tells us that most of Western Carolinas admitted students fall within the top 49% nationally on the ACT. The middle 50% of students admitted to WCU received a composite ACT score between 20 and 25, while 25% scored above 25 and 25% scored below 20. Requirements Note that Western Carolina does not superscore ACT results; your highest composite ACT score will be considered. WCU requires the ACT writing section. GPA In 2018, the average unweighted GPA of Western Carolina Universitys incoming freshmen class was 3.39. This data suggests that most successful applicants to WCU have primarily B grades. Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph Western Carolina University Applicants Self-Reported GPA/SAT/ACT Graph. Data courtesy of Cappex. The admissions data in the graph is self-reported by applicants to Western Carolina University. GPAs are unweighted. Find out how you compare to accepted students, see the real-time graph, and calculate your chances of getting in  with a free Cappex account. Admissions Chances Western Carolina University, which accepts less than half of all applicants, has a competitive admissions pool. The primary factors in admissions decisions at WCU are grades, test scores, core course requirements, and the rigor of your high school courses. While not required, applicants are strongly encouraged to visit and tour the campus. The campus visit demonstrates interest to the admissions committee. WCU does not require a personal essay or letters of recommendation but will consider these if submitted. Note that some programs at WCU have additional admission requirements such as a portfolio, audition, or minimum GPA. In the graph above, the blue and green dots represent students who were admitted. Most had SAT scores of 950 or higher, an ACT composite of 18 or higher, and a high school average in the B range or better. If You Like Western Carolina University, You May Also Like These Schools Appalachian State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphNorth Carolina State University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphElon University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphUNC - Wilmington:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphClemson University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT GraphWake Forest University:  Profile  |  GPA-SAT-ACT Graph All admissions data has been sourced from the National Center for Education Statistics and Western Carolina University Undergraduate Admissions Office.

Salem Witch Trials and New York City Essay - 1912 Words

1) Who were the Puritans and how did Puritans organize their local communities? Why did the religious fervor of New England Puritans decline after 1660? How did the Salem witch episode reflect the tensions and changes in seventeenth-century New England life and thought? The Puritans were a group of people who grew discontent in the Church of England that had a profound influence on the social, political, ethical, and theological ideas of England and America. Puritans immigrated to the New World, where they sought to found a holy commonwealth in New England. Although the Puritans wanted to reform the world to conform to Gods law, they did not set up a church-run state. Even though they believed that the primary purpose of†¦show more content†¦The colonists were interested in settling in the Ohio River Valley because of its fertile soil. The entry of land speculators caused some concern among the French and Indians who had developed trade relationships among themselves. The British were able to defeat the combined French and Indian forces. This war was conducted at the same time as the Seven Years War in Europe. These conflicts were extremely costly and drained the British treasure. England needed to find ways to save money as well as to increase revenues to the treasury. The result of the French and Indian War was a series of Parliamentary acts which caused colonial anger. EventuallyShow MoreRelatedThe Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials1647 Words   |  7 PagesAmanda Whitsett Robison History 1301 November 17, 2010 The Social Psychology of the Salem Witch Trials The events that took place in Salem, Massachusetts in 1692 have had historians scrutinizing over the causes for years. There have been several theories about how the situation became so out of control. The haunting story is well known in America, taught to our youth and has been the focus of numerous forms of media. We are familiar with the story but unfamiliar with the origin of itsRead MoreSalem Witches and Ergot of Rye Essay1055 Words   |  5 PagesSalem Witches and Ergot of Rye While researching texts written about the Salem Witch Trials, I found a few authors who published articles and books about the Salem Witch Trials. These authors often showed that the most likely cause of the fits coming from the victims was produced by ergot of rye. However, I could not find much discussion about another important source of the fits’ cause: witchcraft. My goal in this paper is to produce a convincing argument that the victims during the Salem WitchRead MoreFear in Salem, Massachusetts and The Crucible Essay734 Words   |  3 Pages Terrorism, inequality, losing your home, or injustice? Salem, Massachusetts during the seventeenth century feared injustices among the government. Individuals hid and lied to keep safe from being condemned as witches. This era of history is known as the Salem Witch Trials. Arthur Miller’s The Crucible explores the Salem Witch Trials while following the lives of several individuals. The fear and mistrust among the seventeenth century Salem society can be directly related to today’s twenty-first centuryRead MoreReasons Behind The Salem Witch Trials1568 Words   |  7 PagesJaquelin Lopez History 1301- Dr.Frawley April 30, 1017 Reasons behind the Salem Witch Trials of 1692 The Salem Witch Trials were a series of trials in the 1690s which accused society members of practicing witchcraft, they took place in Salem, Massachusets. What caused this mass hysteria to occur? Some contributing factors could include some socio-economic reasons, an overbearing Puritan society and the influential sense that witchcraft was taking place all over the world. Massachusetts was settledRead MoreAbdeali Dalal. Dr. Jenkins. History 1301. February 13,1541 Words   |  7 Pagesâ€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch Hunt of 1692† â€Å"Escaping Salem; The Other Witch hunt of 1692† was penned and published by Richard Godbeer in 2005. Godbeer expressed his views on what he called basic witch trials in Salem and more importantly, in Stamford, Connecticut Massachusetts. The same year that Salem witch hunt and trials began in 1692, another witch hunt took place in Stamford, the Western Connecticut to when a woman (Elizabeth Clawson) from there was also accused of Witchcraft. These witch huntRead MoreThe Crucible And Twelve Angry Men Essay1145 Words   |  5 Pagespursuit of justice. In The Crucible John Proctor tries to stop the madness which is the salem witch trials, while in Twelve Angry Men Juror 8 tries to enlighten his fellow jurors that there is reasonable doubt that the boy accused of stabbing his father to death is guilty. In The Crucible John Proctor is an Honest, upright, and blunt-spoken man. He is the main protagonist as Salem is engulfed in which trials based on counterfeit claims resulting in dozens of executions. John is one of the few villagersRead MoreSalem Witch Trial vs Mccarthyism1208 Words   |  5 PagesA review of A Fever in Salem: A New Interpretation of the New England Witch Trials, by Laurie Winn Carlson, Ivan R. Dee, Chicago, 2000; 224 pp. $14.95 Paperback. ISBN: 1-566633095 A FEVER IN SALEM POSITS A biological cause for the early modem witchcraft epidemic, which resulted in the hanging of 19 people in Salem, MA, in 1692. Witchcraft persecution, Laurie Carlson writes, arose because of the strange behavior of the supposedly bewitched accusers. She concludes that the cause was a disease unrecognizableRead MoreSalem Witchcraft Trials : Hysteria And Craziness1470 Words   |  6 PagesSalem Witchcraft Trials This period in America can be summed up in two words: Hysteria and Craziness. The 1692 notorious Salem witch trials started after some young girls from Salem Village, Massachusetts, purported to be possessed by demons. The girls accused some local women of bewitching them. As the wild hysteria spread across Massachusetts, a court was specially set up to listen to the cases. Bridget Bishop was the first witch to be convicted and later hanged in June. Eighteen more wereRead MorePuritans, Quakers, And Witchcraft1416 Words   |  6 PagesFaith LePage HIS 201-112 Professor Newsum 10 November 2014 Puritans, Quakers, and Witchcraft Seventeenth and eighteenth century Puritans arrived in the new world; their morality structured the disciplinary actions toward Quakers, those who were considered witches, and Puritans alike throughout the Massachusetts Bay colony. Puritans Structure and new world have three significant events and one leading man. Puritans on the Mayflower traveling to the Massachusetts Bay colony were led by John WinthropRead MorePuritans and Salem Witch Trials Essay2271 Words   |  10 PagesPuritans and the Salem Witch Trials During the time period of 1691 to 1692 the town of Salem, a small thriving community within the Puritan Massachusetts Bay colony, was struck by widespread hysteria in the form of witch trials. The way these trials and accusations played out are historically unlike any other witch trials found in European and American history. Historians have pointed to a number of economic, political, and social changes of the then existing institutions throughout the Massachusetts

Medicine and Health Medical

Questions: This Continuing Professional Development for the role of pharmacist Reflection: 1. What do you need to learn? 2. How is this learning relevant to the safe and effective practice of pharmacy? 3. Why do you think that this learning may be useful for your future practice? 4. What have you learnt? 5. Give an example of how what you have learned could be applied to patient care in your future role as a pharmacist 6. What have been benefits of these activities to your learning? Answers: 1. As a pharmacist, I need to learn about Glaucoma I found that glaucoma is the second most common reason behind the blindness in worldwide and Europe is no exception. I also came to know that glaucoma could cause irreversible blindness, which means people can become blind due to glaucoma and they could never get back their eyesight again. Therefore, being a future pharmacist I need to learn details about the pathology of glaucoma. I need to learn about the level of intraocular pressure (IOP), which is directly related to the cell death of retinal ganglion. I should learn about the target age of primary open angle glaucoma. I need to understand the factors on which progress of the disease is hugely dependent. Such factors are the age of the patient when he or she is attacked by glaucoma, difference between visual function when the patient is diagnosed as well as age-matched controls. In addition, I also need to learn about closed angle glaucoma, which accounts for more than 50% of blindness in all over the world. I need to learn deta ils about the closed angle glaucoma since, it is considered as most visually destructive type of glaucoma. Apart from this, I also need to learn about the symptoms of glaucoma, such as blurring of vision, redness, pain in eye, vomiting and nausea. 2. This learning is relevant to the safe and effective practice for pharmacy The second most common reason behind the blindness is glaucoma. Therefore, I believe that it is important to learn details about glaucoma. My acquired knowledge about glaucoma is helpful to determine the differences between Open angle glaucoma and closed angle glaucoma. This knowledge is helpful to learn different diagnostics process of Open angled glaucoma and closed angle glaucoma. In addition, I came to learn about different treatment techniques used in these two types of glaucoma. This acquired knowledge in the future will help me to provide safe treatment to the patients, who are suffering from glaucoma. I learnt about the IOP-lowering drugs and its correct dosages, which are helpful to treat the patient with primary open angled glaucoma. I learnt about Early Manifest Glaucoma Trial (EMGT), which helped me to enrich my knowledge about the effective pharmacy practice in the context of glaucoma. On the other hand, from EGC and NICE guideline I learnt about the minimum dosage of me dicines to treat patients with glaucoma. Therefore, my detailed knowledge about EGS and NICE guidelines helped me to provide effective and safe treatment to the glaucoma patients. My knowledge about monotherapy helps me to use minimum amount of drug to the patient to achieve the best result, which is safe for the health of a patient. If monotherapy fails to achieve the goal, then use of second drug can be proved as beneficial to help the patients. 3. This learning is useful for my future practice This learning is helpful in my future practice, since this study enables me to gather detailed knowledge about glaucoma, which is the second most reason to the blindness of people in all over the world. The detailed knowledge of diagnosis of open angle glaucoma and close angle glaucoma will be helpful to diagnose patients properly. I gathered a profound knowledge about the right doses of medicines, which will help me in future to prescribe medicine to the patients according to their needs. While understanding the medicines used to reduce intraocular pressure (IOP), I came to know about many medicines that can help patients to cure from eye diseases. However, I also learnt about some drugs, which are used in treatments, but may have an adverse effect on the patients or the patients may experience side effects of those drugs. Such as Bezalkonium, this is widely used as preservative in eye-drops, but has the potentiality to damage the ocular surface. This useful piece of information ena bles me to take proper measures in future before administrating any eye-drops to the patients. I observed that most of patients with glaucoma are also suffering from ocular surface disease. Therefore, I assume my profound knowledge about the components used in medicines and its side effects will enable me in future to administer proper medicine to the patients. 4. My learning outcome I went through detail about glaucoma, which I think is an important lesson of my study to build my career as a pharmacist. From the deep research about glaucoma, I learnt that glaucoma can cause blindness, which is irreversible that means blindness caused by glaucoma cannot be cured. I learnt that there are two types of glaucoma generally occur among common people, one is open angle glaucoma and close angle glaucoma. The detailed knowledge of diagnosis of open angle glaucoma and close angle glaucoma is helpful to diagnose patients properly. Therefore, I learnt about the pathophysiology of this disease. I also learned about the proper diagnose system to detect glaucoma. I found that close angle glaucoma could cause more damage than open angle glaucoma. If intraocular pressure (IOP) is not dealt promptly at primary stage then it can result into close angle glaucoma. The symptoms of close angle glaucoma are, blurring of vision, redness, pain in eye, vomiting and nausea; these are consid ered as a medical emergency and require urgent medical treatment. While understanding the medicines used in glaucoma treatment, I discovered there are many drugs that can have reverse effect on eye sight and cause ocular surface disease. However, in pharmacological treatment I found several drugs that can help glaucoma patients, such as- Oral glycerol, which is used to remove the fluid from the posterior chamber and thus used in the treatment of close angle glaucoma. Use of Corticosteroids in this treatment is also proved as beneficial. Apart from this Acetazolamide (intravenously or orally, 10mg/kg), Pilocarpine (2% eye drops) can also be used in the treatment of the patient suffering from close angle glaucoma. 5. An example of how my acquired knowledge could be applied to patient care in my future role as a pharmacist From my study, I have acquired a profound knowledge about glaucoma, its diagnosis and proper treatment. As a future pharmacist, I presume that my knowledge will help me out to diagnose properly a patient with glaucoma. Glaucoma is a threatening disease to humanity since, blindness caused by glaucoma is irreversible and beyond treatment. Therefore, I think it is important to diagnose and detect glaucoma in its early stages. I think that with my acquired knowledge I will be able to detect the symptoms of glaucoma and diagnose the patient in a proper way. On the other hand, I learned in detail about the possible medications that can be administered in the patients with glaucoma. This will help me in future to administer proper medicine to the patients. I also learnt about the pharmacological treatment and dosage of medicine that can be used while administrating medicines to the patients. I followed the NICE and EGS guidelines, which in turn enabled me to apply monitherapy to the patient s at their first stage of glaucoma. According to the guideline minimum dosage of medicine need to be administered to the patients, since most of the drugs have side effects and can cause ocular surface disease. 6. The benefits of these activities in my learning While studying about glaucoma I discovered that the information about glaucoma disease is beneficial for my career since this disease is the second most reason behind blindness in all over the world. I learnt details about the diagnosis of this disease and its treatment procedure. I learnt about the symptoms of this disease, such as blurring of vision, redness, pain in eye, vomiting and nausea, which are considered as a medical emergency. I also learnt about some drugs, which are used in treatment, but may have an adverse effect on the patients or the patients may experience side effects of those drugs. Such as Bezalkonium, a preservative in eye drops can cause ocular surface disease. I gathered knowledge about the pharmacological treatment of glaucoma and I learnt that the use of Corticosteroids in this treatment is proved as beneficial. Apart from Corticosteroids, Acetazolamide (intravenously or orally, 10mg/kg), Pilocarpine (2% eye drops) can also be used in the treatment of the p atient suffering from close angle glaucoma. These details about drugs helped me to enrich my knowledge as a future pharmacist. As a pharmacist, my role is not just to administer proper medicine to the patient but help them to recover from their painful situation. Therefore I encouraged myself more to follow the NICE guideline, which helped me to enrich my knowledge about the treatment of glaucoma.